In this paper we review FBG strain sensors with high focus on the underlying physical principles, the interrogation, and the read-out techniques. Particular emphasis is given to recent advances in highly-performing, single head FBG, a category FBG strain sensors belong. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have emerged as advanced tools for monitoring a wide range of physical parameters in various fields, including structural health, aerospace, biochemical, and environmental applications. When broadband light propagates through the fiber, a narrowband spectral component is reflected back, while the rest is. Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) technology is one of the most popular choices for optical fiber sensors for strain or temperature measurements due to their simple manufacture, as we will see later on, and due to the relatively strong reflected signal. They are formed by a periodic modulations of the. A variation of the period of the grating inscripted in a fiber optic – induced by mechanical or thermal perturbation – causes a shift of the reflected peak wavelength, due to the related optical path length variation.
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